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  • Content:
PARK or ADDON a domainname in cPanel

  • PARK a domain means, the domain get the same web content as the master domain, needs no extra hosting space.

  • ADDON means, the domain get own web content

  • If the domain name is registered brand new so that the parent server not yet has stored the use of any nameservers and/or directing to an IP, then cPanel can PARK or ADDON at once the new domainname.

  • If it is an exesting domainname which has already entries somewhere, you have to watch at setup, that cPanel checks if the domain is using the server's nameservers already, or ist dedicated to another host.

  • So you have FIRST to set the DNS at registry to use the server's nameserver, and wait up the propagating, before you can PARK or ADDON the domainname.
  • If for the domainname pre-configuration is required (most of national domains that do), then you will run in a trap if you want to PARK or ADDON an existing domain: cPanel checks if the domain is pointed correct, while the registry server for the national domain checks if the nameservers do response already. The one is waiting that the other goes first, and twisted.

  • In such cases you have to place a support ticket with some details listed below, so that we can set up the zone file manually and after that you can change the settings at registry successful:

  • If you only want to PARK the domain, we need your account- and servername, and the domainname you want to park.

  • If you want to ADDON the domain, first in cPanel you have to create a subdomain of your masterdomain with the corresponding subdirectory. Then you send us your username, servername, name of masterdomain and subdomainname created, and the domainname you want to ADDON.

  • This is why any ADDON domain is hosted on top of a subdomain of the masterdomain, and the subdomain is, like any subdomain, related to a subdirectory.

    If you ADDON the national domain SAMPLE.DE, then in Filemanager (or FTP) you may see
  • public_html/ (that is your web content of your masterdomain.com)
  • public_html/index.html (the indexpage of your masterdomain)
  • public_html/sample/ (that is the subdirectory of your subdomain sample.masterdomain.com and the web content for SAMPLE.DEis stored in public_html/sample/ and the index page for SAMPLE.DE is public_html/sample/index.html
Two restrictions an ADDON domain has:
  • 1) you can't use Fantastico autoinstall
  • 2) you can't set an ADDON domain on another ADDON domain

Flash Tutorial: How to ADDON a Domain Name in cPanel
And we warn: Never ADDON or PARK a domain on top of another ADDON or PARKED domain, as this will give big DNS mismatch and lot of manual work after to correct all. (And maybe we'll have to charge an additional handling fee from you) Back to TOP
How to get out of Google's sandbox

If your web site has good rankings on Yahoo, MSN and other search engines but not on Google, it's likely that your web site has been put into Google's sandbox.

What is Google's sandbox?

    In general, brand-new web sites with new domain names need about 6 - 8 months to get top rankings on Google.

    The usual process is that Google indexes the new web site, lists it for some less important queries and then the web pages drop from the search engine result pages for several months. Although other search engines work fine, Google doesn't list the web site, sometimes not even for the company name.

    If you have a brand-new web site, don't worry about this behavior. You are not doing anything wrong. Google seems to delay the inclusion of new web sites. This phenomenon is called the Google sandbox.

Why does Google delay the inclusion of brand-new web sites?

    It seems that Google delays the inclusion of brand-new web sites to encourage webmasters to build content instead of building mini-networks.

    Many webmasters try to artificially inflate the link popularity of their web site by creating a network of small web sites with different URLs that all link to each other. Many of these web sites have no purpose other than linking to the main web site. Meanwhile this may cause a penalty by Google.
    The delay might encourage webmasters to focus on the content of their main web site instead of building useless mini sites.

What can you do to get out of the sandbox?

    If you have a new web site, expect that your web site will be listed within 6-8 months in Google. Add content to your web site, get good incoming links and make sure that your web pages are optimized for Google (but not only for Google, as other engines, i.e. MSN search, also are important, and some optimization may cause conflicts. More to this aspect coming soon here).

    As soon as you have a domain name, create a temporary page and link to it from another web site to make Google aware of your web site. The 6-8 months delay seem to start with Google's first contact with your web site. The sooner Google knows about your web site, the sooner it will be listed.

    By the way, Yahoo and MSN don't have such a delay so don't focus on Google alone but also optimize your web pages for these search engines.

Can you speed up the whole process?

    It seems that there's nothing that can be done to speed up the sandbox process. Some webmasters in online forums suggested that it might help to get inbound links that point to different web pages of your web site, not just to your index page.

    It might also help if your web site has its own IP address and it also seems to help if you have a link from the Yahoo directory. However, these theories haven't been confirmed yet.

Google's sandbox is Google's attempt to prevent spammers from creating web sites.

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Google Web Accelerator - Warning!

What it is? See here: webaccelerator.google

If you use GWA (and run software such as forums, blogs, CMS etc) it seems that you run the risk of deleting things on your site(s).

More information HERE.

Obviously this is a major concern, it could potentially destroy everything. Pretty irresponsible on Google's part.

There are ways you can block Google Web Accelerator from your site(s) if you're concerned, but not sure I see the point unless you suspect users who have admin access to anything may be using it.

Here's one site with instructions: fantomaster

and here's another padawan which has instructions and links to further information.

Another problem seems to be that it caches cookies on the google servers, instead of on the local browsers computer. This means that applications which rely on cookies for user authentication or logins will become a security risk. There are already reports of users with this logging on to a forum as someone else.

Luckily it doesn't seem to cache https:// so at least cPanel and WHM should be safe.
World Root Server Listing
All root servers of the world. Servers, Operators, Locations
www.root-servers.org
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DNS Report
This is one of the most useful links to check if your domain name and account is set up correct and working proper. Click here
Domain Dossier
Another test site for DNS settings and more: domain whois record, DNS records, traceroute, network whois record, service scan.
Running from another location than DNS Report. To get complee results, we recommend to use both, DNS Report and Domain Dossier. Also they may give different results sometimes, depending from used parent nameserver. Click here
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NS Lookup
Most important test of Network Tools. Checks if the nameserver settings have correct SOA values and if there is an authorative response for the domain name in question, what is important for several national domain registrations. Click here
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German Domainname Requirements for Nameserver
  • A German .DE domain name anyone can buy. The requirements are:

  • If the registrant is not legally located in Germany, he has to name a local representative as admin-C with a valid street address (PO BOX does not fit the requirement)

    We offer that for free. Some other registrars do ignore it, what may cause a delete of the domain by DENIC w/o any notification.

  • The nameserver have to be set up with an authoritative response, and correct SOA values

    DE SOA Values


  • The nameservers have to belong to "IP numbers of either different CLASS B or CLASS C" (as required by RFC), what means, they have to be on different located systems.

  • The nameservers have to know the .DE before you can transfer it or do any other change.

  • Read more to this HERE

  • DENIC Zonecheck click HERE

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How to transfer a .de domain to 1st€uro?


1) goto Register DE, choose the registration period and submit the order payment

2) Download the KK Form, fill out complete and send it with handsigned signature of the "Admin-C" as GIF file or by fax to us AND to the loosing registrar.

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Requirements to Register a Country Code TLD (ccTLD)

If you order a ccTLD registration and do not host it with us, watch this!

The first you need to watch is, that ANY ccTLD has its own, national requirement, which are often very different. Also the result is different: some refuse the registration, some do the registration for an interim period of 7 - 30 days, but do not connect the domain name.

As we cannot list all different rules, here that rules which are on the secured side, always. For more information you need to visit the NIC's sites:

For all ccTLDs which are not part of your automatic system with direct user access HERE (like . US, .UK, .IN), we require:
  1. The most important thing is to be according RFC with the nameservers
  2. The second important thing is, to have the nameservers set up *before* you send the application to register the domain name.
  3. To be according RFC, your nameservers
  4. - need to give an authorative response
  5. - need to be of different Class-C Nets
  6. - need to have these SOA values
To verify your settings you may use this Zone Check, but watch!, you not only need a passed, you need to get ZERO Failure and NO Warning! Passed only means that the German NIC does register the name, but not connect. (other NICs may refuse).

Therefore, ANY order for a ccTLD registration which is not in our automatic system, we check first if the Zone Check gives ZERO FAILURE and NO WARNING. If it fails or gets a warning, the order goes to HOLD until you send a support ticket and confirm that it is repaired and tested from you. We accept 2 fails from you. After that we charge 9.95 € handling fee.

If you can't manage it, you are free to purchase Managed DNS

If you host the domain name with us, you don't need to watch it, our nameservers are according RFC anyways.


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Deadline for Renewal of a Country Code TLD


Any country code TLD (ccTLD) which is not in our PDR system, i.e. .DE or .BE, has different rules for renewal the domain name. If you not pay the renewal right early = latest 31 days BEFORE expire, they may take the domain name to central sysem but not delete it, and request an addtional fee, or, they may delete the domain name and a new registration requires an additional fee. Details you may read at the national NIC's sites.

In any case, the 31 days borderline is to watch!

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How to transfer a .co.uk or .org.uk domain to 1st€uro?


Because .uk transfers are a push/pull process, you also have to submit a request to the losing registrar. Contact your current registrar and request to retag the domain name to the ISP tag "ENOM". This starts the transfer away process.

If you initiate the transfer with us first, you must submit the request to the losing registrar within one week. If initiating the request to the losing registrar first, you must initiate your transfer with us by either the 8th of current month or the 8th of the following month, whichever is closest to the current date..

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Nameserver Requirements for a .NL Domain Name


When you want to register a .NL domain name, first you have to set up two nameservers with authorative response to the wanted domain name. If that isn't correct, the NIC robot will not register the name.

You can check it: Click here

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Domain Name Life Cycle
COM · NET · ORG · BIZ · INFO · US
The typical life cycle of a domain name can be unpredictable and difficult process to follow. Here we've tried to simplify what generally happens with COM, NET and ORG names to make it easier to understand.

The DE (Germany) rules and circle are different. Read HERE!

This graphic gives you an idea of the steps involved and will help you understand what you need to do to acquire and protect domain names of value. Note that the times indicated are not always followed by all parties. For example, some names expire, but are not deleted from the registry for days or months afterward. Others are removed right away.
available Five days after the end of the redemption period the domain name will be deleted from the registry and will be made available for anyone to register.
registration A domain name may be registered for up to a ten year period. Even upon renewal the domain name registration period can not extend past a ten year period. .uk domain names can only be registered for two years at a time.
active
1 - 10 yrs		 Original registrant recieves renewal notices as expiration date approaches.
expired
29 days		 No response from registrant. Registrar may send delete command to the registry at its discretion. Shortly after the domain name goes past its expiration date the domain name will be deactivated. All domain services including the web page and email will no longer work. The domain may be renewed during this period.
redemption
up to 90 days
Back to TOP 		After the 29 day "Expired" period, the name may go to the redemption tab for up to 90 days. The domain may be renewed by it's original owner by paying a service fee plus the normal renewal fees.

TLD Reg.
Lock		 Auto
Renew		 Transfer ID
Protect		 Registration
Period		 Pre
configure
Required		 Additional
Info
.BIZ EPP 1-10 yrs   gTLD dedicated exclusively to the business community. The .BIZ domain can only be used for a "bona fide business or commercial use".
.BZ       1-10 yrs   The country-coded Top Level Domain (ccTLD) for the country of Belize. Anyone in the world can register a .bz name.
.CC   Auto or Fax   1-10 yrs   Top level domain for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Anyone in the world can register a .cc domain for any purpose.
.CA         1-10 yrs Canada's ccTLD. There are additional contact attributes required for the Canadian ccTLD.
.CN   EPP   1-5 yrs   China's ccTLD. More info
.COM.CN
.NET.CN
.ORG.CN
.COM Auto or Fax 1-10 yrs   Short for .commercial. Domain names with the .com extension are by far the most popular, and can be purchased by any individual or business.
.DE         1-10 yrs Germany's ccTLD The administrative contact must have a street address within Germany. If you don't have such, send an email. - .DE names require a minimum of 2 name servers. Please review eNom Registration Agreement for .DE specific legal information.
.GS       1-10 yrs   WHOIS changes must be made at the Registry. More Info
.IN   EPP 1-5 yrs   Top level domain for India. Anyone in the world can register a .in name.
.INFO   EPP 1-10 yrs   The first unrestricted top-level domain since .com, .info domains are available to the general public.
.JP         1-10 yrs Japanese address requirements. Multilingual names will not be supported.
.MS       1-10 yrs   WHOIS changes must be made at the Registry. More Info
.NAME     1-10 yrs   Available to the general public, .name email addresses are listed as firstname@lastname.name or lastname@firstname.name, while Web sites are listed as www.firstname.lastname.name.
Get a .NAME | More info on .NAME.
.NET Auto or Fax 1-10 yrs   Short for .network, this domain extension was originally designed to be used by technical Web sites. However, domains using this extension can be registered by anyone.
.NU       2-10 yrs   The ccTLD for the country of Niue. There are no residency restrictions, these domains can be registered by anyone.
.ORG EPP 1-10 yrs   Short for .organization. Originally designated for non-profit firms and any other organizations that did not fit under the .com or .net extension, any individual or business may now register a .org domain name.
.TC       1-10 yrs   WHOIS changes must be made at the Registry.
.TM       10 yrs   Turkmenistan - Pseudo international domain for "TradeMark"
.TV       1-10 yrs    
.COM.TW         1-10 yrs   Taiwan's ccTLD More info
.ORG.TW
.IDV.TW
.US EPP 1-10 yrs Download the list of .US restricted Names version 2 (225KB zip file). Note: You must meet all the .US Nexus registration requirements to register a name in the .US TLD.
.CO.UK     Auto   2, 4, 6, 8
or 10 yrs		 Currently, contact information modifications are not immediate. .UK names require a minimum of 2 name servers. Name servers changes/updates may take up to half an hour. A renewal cannot be issued until at least five (5) months prior to the domain's expiration date and effects of a renewal do not occur instantly. Please review eNom Registration Agreement for .UK specific legal information.
.ORG.UK
.KIDS.US       1-5 yrs Not in regular sales yet
.VG       1-10 yrs   WHOIS changes must be made at the Registry.
.WS         1-10 yrs   Samoa - Pseudo international domain for "Website"
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Requirements for a Domain Transfer


Several national domain names have different requirements for domain transfers from one registrar to another.

· Germany (.DE): The "Admin-C" (Administrative Contact) has to send by fax a special doc, called "KK", with his handwritten sign, to the new registrar AND to the old registrar before he can start the transfer process. If the old registrar does not get that form correct, for security reasons he has to secure that a transfer request is not possible. Ask the new registrar for the right KK-form that you have to send.

· Great Britain (.UK): To facilitate the transfer of .uk domains, the old registrar has to update the tag for the domain at Nominet UK to reflect that of the new registrar (eNom). If it is a transfer to us and started before the tag is changed by the old registrar, the customer has to secure that it will be done within 5 days.

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How I can verify if my site is up?


    Problem: I can't see my site from my PC

    Before you submit a support ticket or complain that the server is down or your account deleted, you need to verify what is on in fact and who is responsible.

    It may have lot of different reasons, why a site is not to see, and most are not within our responsibility:

  • Your IP is blacklisted
    This may be if you login by a dialup IP and before you smeone misuses the access to send mass of spam or made other activity which made the firewall to block the IP. Most ISPs do not send a message to the Datacenter to get the IP free again, but their system gives the IP to the next dialup user after the other disconnected.
    In such cases you need to check what IP you use and send both, your ISP and us a message with that IP.

  • Your Network connection is broken
    somewhere between you and our server, or gives bad packets If the server and your website is technically up you can check always quickly here: http://monitor.1steuro.us/de/quicktest.php
    · Test Type => Website
    · URL/Hostname => yourdomain.com
    · Port => nothing, let empty
    if OK, you can be sure that there is no problem with the site technically. If you have problems nevertheless, it is either your ISP, or your IP is blacklisted, or you need to change your browser settings and empty your cache, or is is a failure in DNS settings at registrar. But it is nothing caused by us, certainly.

  • Your website is not to see althought the monitors (above) say the site is OK
    go here https://www.megaproxy.com/freesurf/ and try to visit your website by Proxy. If you get the website, then you need to contact your ISP or check your browser settings, and send us your IP to check if you're IP is blacklisted.
    If you get NOT the website, then submit a ticket and report what error message you get on your browser. It may be that there is a misconfiguration by a script you installed, or you edit/removed accidently a file, or such.
    We always have monitors running for all servers, and if there is a problem with the server, then we set an ALERT at http://1steuro.net/network.html

  • Other sources to check your domain and server settings technically

    · http://www.dnsreport.com/
    · http://centralops.net/co/DomainDossier.vbs.asp




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Where are my mails (files) gone?


    Problem: when I login cPanel and look in Filemanager, I get nothing

    Your Storage Limit

  • remember, the account size (storage limit) is for ALL in your account.

  • remember how cpanel works: For any operation it creates a tmp file. So incoming mails get to tmp, and then stored in the right mailbox. If you enter File manager or Disk Usage Viewer, cPanel generates the list to show, and for that it needs tmp, means: also free space.

  • If your account is close to limit or over limit, cpanel no longer can generate this and so you cannot see any file, only website visit by http and ftp login works.

  • you need to look at your Disk Usage Viewer what is using how much, and download/delete mails by POP3 and/or by ftp delete other files, i.e. statistics in Analog, Webalizer, or other.

  • Same is when you generate a backup file.

  • If you are over quota, we can lift temporarily the limit to enable you to do that work.

  • If you don't get managed it by this way, maybe you need to upgrade your account to get more storage.




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PHP 4 end of life announcement


  • The PHP team announced that support for PHP 4 will continue until the end of this year only.
  • After 2007-12-31 there will be no more releases of PHP 4.4.
  • We will continue to make critical security fixes available on a case-by-case basis until 2008-08-08.
  • We will be migrating all the servers strictly to PHP5 after 1st of November 2007.
  • scripts work with register_globals ON need to make working with register_globals OFF
  • Please use the rest of this year to make your application suitable to run on PHP 5


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    register_globals

    On all servers register_globals OFF is set as default.
    Scripts working with register_globals ON need to make working with register_globals OFF

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    What is phpSuExec ?

    You may read some good explanations HERE and HERE.

    We do not have phpSuExec enabled on our servers - installing phpSuExec means running php in cgi mode. We have PHP in cli mode.

    Let get into core of this -

    Its not particular software issue -- its about PHP.
    PHP can be compiled on server in two ways --

    PHP as a CGI with Suexec

    When PHP runs as a CGI with Suexec, PHP files work under your user/group. PHP files no longer require loose permissions to function, now they will require strict permissions.
    Setting your directories or PHP files to 777 will cause them to produce a 500 Internal Server Error, this happens to protect your PHP files from being abused by outside sources.

    Under PHPSuexec your directories and PHP files can have permissions no greater than 755 (read/write/execute by your username, read/execute by group/world). Since you own your files, your scripts can function in any directory your user has created and can't be manipulated by any outside users, including "nobody".

    Now, when a PHP file creates or uploads a new file under your account, the new file will be owned by your username. You will no longer have to worry about the webserver taking over your files and even more important, you will no longer have to worry about a stranger reading or writing to your files either!

    Php compiled with suexec has some disadvantages -

    * Some scripts will not work with this.
    * .htaccess feature cannot be used since .htaccess is apache module feature.

    PHP as an Apache Module

    When PHP runs as an Apache module, PHP files work under the Apache user/group known as "nobody". For example, when a PHP file needs to write to another file or create/remove a file, it does so under the name "nobody". In order to allow "nobody" to do this, you need to set specific permissions on the file/directory, such as 777 - which translates to read/write/execute by user/group/world. This is insecure because you have not only allowed the webserver (Apache) to read/write to the file, you have also allowed everyone else on the server to read/write to the file as well!

    Due to the above conditions, when a PHP file creates or uploads a new file under your account, the new file will be owned by the user "nobody". If you FTP into your account, all files owned by "nobody" will not be available for you to move, rename or delete. In this case the only way to remove the "nobody" owned files would be through a file on the server or to contact support and ask for the file ownership to be changed back to your username.

    We have php compiled as an apache module - so any client having "nobody user issue" needs to contact our support team to edit / delete nobody owned files. Only root owner can change the permission of nobody user.

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    What is .htaccess ?

    .htaccess is a file that a user can use to override values defined globally in apache or php.

    More to it read HERE and HERE and HERE.

    Online .htaccess file generator HERE

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    File Permissions and the chmod/chgrp/chown commands

    A good article to this you find HERE.

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    File Ownership "NOBODY" and Joomla Problems

    Problem: You cannot CHMOD files/folders with ownership "nobody", but some scripts and applications (like Joomla) create such.

    Upload of files or folders by http, i.e. using Joomla, creates files/folders with owner "nobody" and requires manual edit.

    As you are on a shared system, any file/folder needs to have an ownership. If a file gets created with ownership "nobody" (only acceptable if you run a dedicated server with root access), then there is no user to whom the file belongs to, resp. it belongs to server administrator only.


    Solution: (in this sample the file in case is "testfile.php" in folder "testfolder")
    1. download "testfile.php"
    2. enter cPanel => File Manager => public_html
    3. create a folder with name "testfolder2" and there a file "testfile2.php"
    4. upload file "testfile2.php"
    5. delete folder "testfolder" and there file "testfile.php"
    6. rename folder "testfolder2" to "testfolder" and there file "testfile2.php" to "testfile.php"
    7. Mail settings in Joomla can be changed using the global configuration in the administration side of it.
    If you have problems nevertheless, you may send a support ticket. Also download and read HERE

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    1. ls or dir
      Directory/file listing
      ls -al : this lists ALL the files and directories along with their details

    2. cd
      Change directory
      So for example to enter the directory 'new', type cd new
      cd ~ go to the home diretory
      cd - go to the last directory you were in
      cd .. go up a directory

    3. cat
      print file contents to the screen
      cat filename.txt will show you the contents of filename.txt

    4. tail
      this is like cat, but only reads the end of the file
      · tail /home/username/public_html/file.txt : see the last 20 (by default) lines of /home/username/public_html/file.txt
      · tail -f /home/username/public_html/file.txt : watch the file continuously, while it's being updated
      · tail -200 /home/username/public_html/file.txt : print the last 200 lines of the file to the screen

    5. more
      like cat, but opens the file one screen at a time rather than all at once
      · more /home/username/public_html/file.txt : browse through file.txt. hit <space> to go to the next page, <q> to quit

    6. pico
      friendly, easy to use editor
      · pico /home/username/public_html/index.html : edit the index page for the user's website.

    7. touch
      create an empty file
      · touch /home/username/public_html/404.html : create an empty file called 404.html in the directory /home/username/public_html/

    8. du
      shows disk usage.
      · du -sh : shows a summary of total disk space used in the current directory, including subdirectories.
      · du -sh * : this does the same thing, but tells you the space usage for each file and directory.

    9. cp
      copy a file
      · cp filename filename.backup : copies filename to filename.backup
      · cp -a /home/home/new_design/* /home/username/public_html/ : copies all files, retaining permissions from one directory to another.

      more:

    10. a2p - Awk to Perl translator
    11. ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
    12. addftinfo - add information to troff font files for use with groff
    13. addr2line - convert addresses into file names and line numbers.
    14. alias
    15. ansi2knr - convert ANSI C to Kernighan & Ritchie C
    16. apm - query Advanced Power BIOS
    17. apmsleep - go into suspend or standby mode and wake-up later
    18. apropos - search the whatis database for strings
    19. ar - create, modify, and extract from archives
    20. arch - print machine architecture
    21. as - the portable GNU assembler.
    22. ascii-xfr - ascii-upload/download files using the ASCII protocol
    23. ash - command interpreter (shell)
    24. asn1parse - ASN.1 parsing tool
    25. at - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
    26. atq - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
    27. atrm - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
    28. attr - extended attributes on XFS filesystem objects
    29. autoconf - Generate configuration scripts
    30. autoheader - Create a template header for configure
    31. autom4te - Generate files and scripts thanks to M4
    32. autopoint - copies standard gettext infrastructure
    33. autoreconf - Update generated configuration files
    34. autoscan - Generate a preliminary configure.in
    35. autoupdate - Update a configure.in to a newer Autoconf
    36. autovbox - ISDN voice box (sound converter)
    37. awk - pattern scanning and processing language
    38. backend - cups backend transmission interfaces
    39. basename - strip directory and suffix from filenames
    40. bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
    41. bashbug - report a bug in bash
    42. batch - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
    43. bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language
    44. bg
    45. bind
    46. bonobo-activation-server -
    47. break
    48. bsh - command interpreter (shell)
    49. builtin
    50. builtins - bash, :, ., [, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, cd, command, compgen, complete,
    51. bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.2
    52. bzcat - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.2
    53. bzcmp - compare bzip2 compressed files
    54. bzdiff - compare bzip2 compressed files
    55. bzgrep - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
    56. bzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.2
    57. bzip2recover - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.2
    58. bzless - file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text
    59. bzmore - file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text
    60. c2ph - Dump C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs
    61. ca - sample minimal CA application
    62. cal -
    63. cancel - print files
    64. cancel-cups - print files
    65. captoinfo - convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
    66. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
    67. cd
    68. c++filt - Demangle C++ and Java symbols.
    69. chacl - change the access control list of a file or directory
    70. chage - change user password expiry information
    71. chattr - change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
    72. chfn - change your finger information
    73. chgrp - change group ownership
    74. chmod - change file access permissions
    75. chown - change file owner and group
    76. chroot - run command or interactive shell with special root directory
    77. chrt - manipulate real-time attributes of a process
    78. chsh - change your login shell
    79. chvt - change foreground virtual terminal
    80. ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool.
    81. cjpeg - compress an image file to a JPEG file
    82. cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file
    83. clear - clear the terminal screen
    84. cmp -
    85. col -
    86. colcrt -
    87. colrm -
    88. column -
    89. comm - compare two sorted files line by line
    90. command
    91. compgen
    92. complete
    93. config.guess - guess the build system triplet
    94. config.sub - validate and canonicalize a configuration triplet
    95. continue
    96. cp - copy files and directories
    97. cpan - easily interact with CPAN from the command line
    98. cpio - copy files to and from archives
    99. cpp - The C Preprocessor
    100. crl - CRL utility
    101. crl2pkcs7 - Create a PKCS#7 structure from a CRL and certificates.
    102. croco-config - croco-script to get information about the installed version of LIBCROCO
    103. crontab - maintain crontab files for individual
    104. csh - C shell with file name completion and command line editing
    105. csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
    106. csslint - command line CSS tool
    107. cupstestppd - test conformance of ppd files
    108. cut - remove sections from each line of files
    109. cvs - Concurrent Versions System
    110. date - print or set the system date and time
    111. dbmmanage - Manage user authentication files in DBM format
    112. dbus-cleanup-sockets - dbus-cleanup-clean up leftover sockets in a directory
    113. dbus-daemon-1 - dbus-daemon-Message bus daemon
    114. dbus-launch - dbus-Utility to start a message bus from a shell script
    115. dbus-monitor - dbus-debug probe to print message bus messages
    116. dbus-send - dbus-Send a message to a message bus
    117. dc - an arbitrary precision calculator
    118. dd - convert and copy a file
    119. ddate - converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates
    120. deallocvt - deallocate unused virtual consoles
    121. declare
    122. df - report filesystem disk space usage
    123. dgst - message digests
    124. dhparam - DH parameter manipulation and generation
    125. diff - find differences between two files
    126. diff3 - find differences between three files
    127. dig - DNS lookup utility
    128. dir - list directory contents
    129. dircolors - color setup for ls
    130. dirname - strip non-directory suffix from file name
    131. dirs
    132. disown
    133. djpeg - decompress a JPEG file to an image file
    134. dnsdomainname
    135. doexec - run an executable with an arbitrary argv[0]
    136. domainname
    137. dos2unix -
    139. dprofpp - display perl profile data
    140. dsa - DSA key processing
    141. dsaparam - DSA parameter manipulation and generation
    142. du - estimate file space usage
    143. dumpkeys - dump keyboard translation tables
    144. dvipdf - Convert TeX DVI file to PDF using ghostscript and dvips
    145. dynipadmin - DynIP Internet Name Administration Program
    146. dynipclient - DynIP Client
    147. echo - display a line of text
    148. ed - text editor
    149. egrep
    150. eject - eject removable media
    151. enable
    152. enc - symmetric cipher routines
    153. enc2xs - enc2xs -- Perl Encode Module Generator
    154. env - run a program in a modified environment
    155. eps2eps - Ghostscript PostScript "distiller"
    156. epsffit - fit encapsulated PostScript into constrained size
    157. eqn - format equations for troff
    158. eqn2graph - convert an EQN equation into a cropped image
    159. eval
    160. ex - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    161. exec
    162. exit
    163. expand - convert tabs to spaces
    164. export
    165. expr - evaluate expressions
    166. extractres - filter to extract resources from a PostScript document
    167. factor - factor numbers
    168. false - do nothing, unsuccessfully
    169. fam - file alteration monitor
    170. fax2ps - convert a
    171. fax2tiff - create a
    172. fc
    173. fc-cache - fc-create an index of FreeType font files in a directory
    174. fc-list - fc-list available fonts
    175. fg
    176. fgconsole - print the number of the active VT.
    177. fgrep
    178. file - file
    179. filter - cups file conversion filter interfaces
    180. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy
    181. find2perl - translate find command lines to Perl code
    182. findsmb - list info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet
    183. finger -
    184. fixdlsrps - filter to fix DviLaser/PS documents to work with PSUtils
    185. fixfmps - filter to fix Framemaker documents so PSUtils work
    186. fixmacps - filter to fix Macintosh documents with saner version of md
    187. fixpsditps - filter to fix Transcript psdit documents so PSUtils work
    188. fixpspps - filter to fix PSPrint PostScript so PSUtils work
    189. fixscribeps - filter to fix Scribe documents so PSUtils work
    190. fixtpps - filter to fix Tpscript documents to work with PSUtils
    191. fixwfwps - filter to fix Word for Windows documents so PSUtils work
    192. fixwpps - filter to fix WP documents so PSUtils work
    193. fixwwps - filter to fix Windows Write documents so PSUtils work
    194. fmt - simple optimal text formatter
    195. fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
    196. font2c - Write PostScript Type 0 or Type 1 font as C code
    197. foomatic-combo-xml - foomatic-combo-[put a short description here]
    198. foomatic-compiledb - foomatic-Compile the Foomatic printer/driver database
    199. foomatic-configure - foomatic-the main configuration program of the foomatic
    200. foomatic-gswrapper - foomatic-foomatic wrapper for ghostscript
    201. foomatic-perl-data - foomatic-perl-generate Perl data structures from XML
    202. foomatic-ppdfile - foomatic-Generate a PPD file for a given printer/driver combo
    203. foomatic-printjob - foomatic-[put a short description here]
    204. foomatic-rip - foomatic-Universal print filter/RIP wrapper
    205. formail - formatter
    206. free - display information about free and used memory on the system
    207. ftp - file transfer program
    208. funzip - filter for extracting from a ZIP archive in a pipe
    209. fuser - identify processes using files or sockets
    210. g++
    211. gawk - pattern scanning and processing language
    212. gcov - coverage testing tool
    213. gdm - The GNOME Display Manager
    214. gendiff - utility to aid in error-free diff file generation
    215. gendsa - generate a DSA private key from a set of parameters
    216. genhostid - generate and set a hostid for the current host
    217. genrsa - generate an RSA private key
    218. geqn - format equations for troff
    219. GET - lwp-Simple WWW user agent
    220. getafm - create an AFM file for a PostScript font.
    221. getent - get entries from administrative database
    222. getfacl - get file access control lists
    223. getfattr - get extended attributes of filesystem objects
    224. getopt - parse command options (enhanced)
    225. getopts
    226. gettext - translate message
    227. gettextize - install or upgrade gettext infrastructure
    228. ghostscript - Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
    229. gif2tiff - create a
    230. gij - GNU interpreter for Java bytecode
    231. gindxbib - make inverted index for bibliographic databases
    232. glookbib - search bibliographic databases
    233. gnroff - emulate nroff command with groff
    234. gpasswd - administer the /etc/group file
    235. gpg - gpg -- encryption and signing tool
    236. gpgv - gpgv -- signature verification tool
    237. gpm-root - gpm-a default handler for gpm, used to draw menus on
    238. gprof - display call graph profile data
    239. grefer - preprocess bibliographic references for groff
    240. grep - print lines matching a pattern
    241. grepjar - search files in a jar file for a pattern
    242. grn - groff preprocessor for gremlin files
    243. grodvi - convert groff output to TeX dvi format
    244. groff - front-end for the groff document formatting system
    245. groffer - display groff files and man~pages on X and tty
    246. grohtml - html driver for groff
    247. grolbp - groff driver for Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers).
    248. grolj4 - groff driver for HP Laserjet 4 family
    249. grops - PostScript driver for groff
    250. grotty - groff driver for typewriter-like devices
    251. groups - print the groups a user is in
    252. gs - Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
    253. gsbj - Format and print text using ghostscript
    254. gsdj - Format and print text using ghostscript
    255. gsdj500 - Format and print text using ghostscript
    256. gslj - Format and print text using ghostscript
    257. gslp - Format and print text using ghostscript
    258. gsnd - Run ghostscript (PostScript and PDF engine) without display
    259. gsoelim - interpret .so requests in groff input
    260. gtroff - the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
    261. gunzip
    262. gzexe - compress executable files in place
    263. gzip - compress or expand files
    264. h2ph - convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files
    265. h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
    266. hash
    267. head - output the first part of files
    268. HEAD - lwp-Simple WWW user agent
    269. help
    270. hesinfo - find out what is stored in the Hesiod database
    271. hexdump -
    272. history
    273. host - DNS lookup utility
    274. hostid - print the numeric identifier for the current host
    275. hostname - show or set the system's host name
    276. hpftodit - create font description files for use with groff -Tlj4
    277. htdigest - manage user files for digest authentication
    278. htpasswd - Manage user files for basic authentication
    279. ibod - ISDN MPPP bandwidth on demand daemon
    280. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
    281. id - print real and effective UIDs and GIDs
    282. ifnames - Extract CPP conditionals from a set of files
    283. igawk - gawk with include files
    284. ijsgimpprint - Ghostscript driver for Gimp-Print
    285. includeres - filter to include resources in a PostScript document
    286. indxbib - make inverted index for bibliographic databases
    287. info - read Info documents
    288. infocmp - compare or print out terminfo descriptions
    289. infotocap - convert a terminfo description into a termcap description
    290. initlog - log messages and events to the system logger
    291. install - copy files and set attributes
    292. install-info - install-update info/dir entries
    293. intro - Introduction to user commands
    294. ipcalc - perform simple manipulation of IP addresses
    295. isdnconf - manipulate or read ISDN phone number config files.
    296. isdnrate - Print telefon rates and various info from .
    297. isdnrep - report isdn activity
    298. jade
    299. jar - archive tool for Java archives
    300. jobs
    301. join - join lines of two files on a common field
    302. jpegtran - lossless transformation of JPEG files
    303. jv-convert - jv-Convert file from one encoding to another
    304. jwhois - client for the whois service
    305. kbd_mode - report or set the keyboard mode
    306. kernelversion - program to report major version of kernel
    307. kill - terminate a process
    308. killall - kill processes by name
    309. last - show listing of last logged in users
    310. lastb
    311. ldd - print shared library dependencies
    312. less - opposite of more
    313. lesskey - specify key bindings for less
    314. let
    315. lftp - Sophisticated file transfer program
    316. libnetcfg - configure libnet
    317. link - call the link function to create a link to a file
    318. lkbib - search bibliographic databases
    319. ln - make links between files
    320. loadkeys - load keyboard translation tables
    321. local
    322. locale - Get locale-specific information.
    323. localedef - compile locale definition files
    324. locate - Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate
    325. lockfile - conditional semaphore-file creator
    326. logger -
    327. login - sign on
    328. logname - print user's login name
    329. logout
    330. logresolve - Resolve IP-addresses to hostnames in Apache log files
    331. longrun - utility
    332. look -
    333. lookbib - search bibliographic databases
    334. lp - print files
    335. lp-cups - print files
    336. lpoptions - display or set printer options and defaults
    337. lppasswd - add, change, or delete digest passwords.
    338. lpq - show printer queue status
    339. lpq-cups - show printer queue status
    340. lpr - print files
    341. lpr-cups - print files
    342. lprm - cancel print jobs
    343. lprm-cups - cancel print jobs
    344. lpstat - print cups status information
    345. lpstat-cups - print cups status information
    346. ls - list directory contents
    347. lsattr - list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
    348. lwp-download - lwp-fetch large files from the net
    349. lwp-mirror - lwp-Simple mirror utility for WWW
    350. lwp-request - lwp-Simple WWW user agent
    351. lwp-rget - lwp-Retrieve WWW documents recursively
    352. mac2unix -
    354. mail -
    355. Mail -
    356. mailq - mailq
    357. mailq.sendmail - mailq
    358. make - GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
    359. man - format and display the on-line manual pages
    360. man2html - format a manual page in html
    361. manpath - format and display the on-line manual pages
    362. mattrib
    363. mbadblocks
    364. mbchk - check the format of a Multiboot kernel
    365. mcat
    366. mcd
    367. mcookie - generate magic cookies for xauth
    368. mcopy
    369. md2 - message digests
    370. md4 - message digests
    371. md5 - message digests
    372. md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
    373. mdc2 - message digests
    374. mdel
    375. mdeltree
    376. mdir
    377. mdu
    378. mesg - control write access to your terminal
    379. mev - a program to report mouse events
    380. mformat
    381. minfo
    382. minicom - friendly serial communication program
    383. mkdir - make directories
    384. mkfifo - make FIFOs (named pipes)
    385. mkmanifest
    386. mknod - make block or character special files
    387. mktemp - make temporary filename (unique)
    388. mlabel
    389. mmd
    390. mmount
    391. mmove
    392. more -
    393. mozilla - a Web browser for X11 derived from Netscape Communicator
    394. mpage - print multiple pages per sheet on PostScript printer
    395. mpartition
    396. mrd
    397. mren
    398. msgattrib - attribute matching and manipulation on message catalog
    399. msgcat - combines several message catalogs
    400. msgcmp - compare message catalog and template
    401. msgcomm - match two message catalogs
    402. msgconv - character set conversion for message catalog
    403. msgen - create English message catalog
    404. msgexec - process translations of message catalog
    405. msgfilter - edit translations of message catalog
    406. msgfmt - compile message catalog to binary format
    407. msggrep - pattern matching on message catalog
    408. msginit - initialize a message catalog
    409. msgmerge - merge message catalog and template
    410. msgunfmt - uncompile message catalog from binary format
    411. msguniq - unify duplicate translations in message catalog
    412. mshowfat
    413. mt - control magnetic tape drive operation
    414. mtools
    415. mtoolstest
    416. mtype
    417. mv - move (rename) files
    418. mzip
    419. namei - follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
    420. nano - Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
    421. neqn - format equations for ascii output
    422. netreport - request notification of network interface changes
    423. newaliases - newaliases
    424. newaliases.sendmail - newaliases
    425. newgrp - log in to a new group
    426. ngettext - translate message and choose plural form
    427. nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority
    428. nisdomainname
    429. nl - number lines of files
    430. nm - list symbols from object files
    431. nmblookup - NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names
    432. nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
    433. nroff - emulate nroff command with groff
    434. nseq - create or examine a netscape certificate sequence
    435. nsgmls
    436. ntlm_auth - tool to allow external access to Winbind's NTLM authentication function
    437. ntpd - Network Time daemon
    438. ntpdate - set the date and time via NTP
    439. ntpstat - show network time synchronisation status
    440. objcopy - copy and translate object files
    441. objdump - display information from object files.
    442. ocsp - Online Certificate Status Protocol utility
    443. od - dump files in octal and other formats
    444. omshell - OMAPI Command Shell
    445. onsgmls - An SGML System Conforming to International Standard ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language. An SGML Extended Facilities system conforming to Annex A of Internal Standard ISO/IEC 10744 -- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language
    446. openjade - apply a DSSSL stylesheet to an SGML or XML document
    447. openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
    448. openvt - start a program on a new virtual .
    449. osgmlnorm - An SGML System Conforming to International Standard ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language. An SGML Extended Facilities system conforming to Annex A of International Standard ISO/IEC 10744 -- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language.
    450. ospam - An SGML System Conforming to International Standard ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language. An SGML Extended Facilities system conforming to Annex A of Internation Standard ISO/IEC 10744 -- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language.
    451. ospent - Concatenate entities
    452. osx - An SGML System Conforming to International Standard ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language. An SGML Extended Facilities system conforming to Annex A of International Standard ISO/IEC 10744 -- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language.
    453. pal2rgb - convert a palette color
    454. passwd -
    456. paste - merge lines of files
    457. pathchk - check whether file names are valid or portable
    458. pax -
    459. pbm2ppa - convert portable to HP's Printing Performance file format
    460. pcregrep - a grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions.
    461. pcretest - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions.
    462. pdf2dsc - generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document
    463. pdf2ps - Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator
    464. pdfopt - Ghostscript PDF Optimizer
    465. perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
    466. perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
    467. perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
    468. perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
    469. perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
    470. perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
    471. perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
    472. perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
    473. perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
    474. perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
    475. perlaix - Perl version 5 on IBM systems
    476. perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
    477. perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
    478. perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
    479. perlapollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
    480. perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
    481. perlbeos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
    482. perlbook - Perl book information
    483. perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
    484. perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
    485. perlbs2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
    486. perlbug - how to submit bug reports on Perl
    487. perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
    488. perlcc - generate executables from Perl programs
    489. perlce
    490. perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
    491. perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
    492. perlcn - ???????? Perl ???
    493. perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
    494. perlcygwin - Perl for Cygwin
    495. perldata - Perl data types
    496. perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
    497. perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
    498. perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
    499. perldebug - Perl debugging
    500. perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
    501. perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
    502. perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
    503. perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
    504. perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
    505. perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
    506. perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
    507. perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
    508. perlepoc - Perl for EPOC
    509. perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31 17:37:17 $)
    510. perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
    511. perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
    512. perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.35 $, $Date: 2003/08/24 05:26:59 $)
    513. perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 2003/09/20 06:37:43 $)
    514. perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 17:45:46 $)
    515. perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03 20:05:28 $)
    516. perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
    517. perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 17:44:04 $)
    518. perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57 $)
    519. perlfilter - Source Filters
    520. perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
    521. perlform - Perl formats
    522. perlfreebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
    523. perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
    524. perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
    525. perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
    526. perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
    527. perlhist - the Perl history records
    528. perlhpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems
    529. perlhurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
    530. perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal
    531. perlintro - perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
    532. perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
    533. perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
    534. perlirix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
    535. perlivp - Perl Installation Verification Procedure
    536. perljp - ????? Perl ??????
    537. perlko - Perl?? ????? ?????
    538. perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
    539. perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)
    540. perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
    541. perlmachten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems
    542. perlmacos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
    543. perlmacosx - Perl under Mac OS X
    544. perlmint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
    545. perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
    546. perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
    547. perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
    548. perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
    549. perlmpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
    550. perlnetware
    551. perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
    552. perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
    553. perlobj - Perl objects
    554. perlop - Perl operators and precedence
    555. perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
    556. perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
    557. perlos390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS
    558. perlos400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
    559. perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
    560. perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack"
    561. perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
    562. perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
    563. perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
    564. perlport - Writing portable Perl
    565. perlqnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
    566. perlre - Perl regular expressions
    567. perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
    568. perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
    569. perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
    570. perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
    571. perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
    572. perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
    573. perlsec - Perl security
    574. perlsolaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
    575. perlstyle - Perl style guide
    576. perlsub - Perl subroutines
    577. perlsyn - Perl syntax
    578. perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
    579. perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
    580. perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
    581. perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
    582. perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
    583. perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
    584. perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
    585. perltru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
    586. perltw - ?????? Perl ??n
    587. perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
    588. perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
    589. perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
    590. perluts - Perl under UTS
    591. perlvar - Perl predefined variables
    592. perlvmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
    593. perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
    594. perlvos - Perl for Stratus VOS
    595. perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
    596. perlxs - XS language reference manual
    597. perlxstut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
    598. pf2afm - Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font files using ghostscript
    599. pfbtopfa - Convert Postscript .pfb fonts to .pfa format using ghostscript
    600. pfbtops - translate a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII
    601. pftp - file transfer program
    602. pgawk - pattern scanning and processing language
    603. pgrep - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
    604. pic2graph - convert a PIC diagram into a cropped image
    605. piconv - piconv -- , reinvented in perl
    606. pinfo - pinfo
    607. pinky - lightweight finger
    608. pkcs12 - PKCS#12 file utility
    609. pkcs7 - PKCS#7 utility
    610. pkcs8 - PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool
    611. pkill
    612. pl2pm - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules.
    613. play - play any sound file to audio device
    614. pman - pinfo
    615. pmap - display information about process memory mappings
    616. pnm2ppa - convert portable images to HP's PPA printer format.
    617. pod2html - convert .pod files to .html files
    618. pod2latex - convert pod documentation to latex format
    619. pod2man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
    620. pod2text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
    621. pod2usage - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files
    622. podchecker - check the syntax of POD format documentation files
    623. podselect - print selected sections of pod documentation on standard output
    624. popd
    625. POST - lwp-Simple WWW user agent
    626. ppm2tiff - create a
    627. pr - convert text files for printing
    628. printafm - Print the metrics from a Postscript font in AFM format using ghostscript
    629. printenv - print all or part of environment
    630. printf - format and print data
    631. procmail - autonomous mail processor
    632. profiles - A utility to report and change SIDs in registry files
    633. ps - report process status
    634. ps2ascii - Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII
    635. ps2epsi - generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript
    636. ps2pdf - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
    637. ps2pdf12 - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
    638. ps2pdf13 - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
    639. ps2pdfwr - Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying CompatibilityLevel, using ghostscript
    640. ps2ps - Ghostscript PostScript "distiller"
    641. psbook - rearrange pages in PostScript file into signatures
    642. psed - a stream editor
    643. psfaddtable - add a Unicode character table to a console font
    644. psfgettable - extract the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
    645. psfstriptable - remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
    646. psfxtable - handle Unicode character tables for console fonts
    647. psmerge - filter to merge several PostScript files into one
    648. psnup - multiple pages per sheet
    649. psresize - multiple pages per sheet
    650. psselect - select pages from a PostScript file
    651. pstops - shuffle pages in a PostScript file
    652. pstree - display a tree of processes
    653. pstruct - Dump C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs
    654. ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
    655. pushd
    656. pwd - print name of current/working directory
    657. python - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
    658. quota - display disk usage and limits
    659. ranlib - generate index to archive.
    660. ras2tiff - create a
    661. rcp -
    662. rdate - get the time via the network
    663. rdist - remote file distribution client program
    664. rdjpgcom - display text comments from a JPEG file
    665. read
    666. readelf - Displays information about ELF files.
    667. readlink - display value of a symbolic link
    668. readonly
    669. readprofile - a tool to read kernel profiling information
    670. rec - play any sound file to audio device
    671. red - text editor
    672. redhat-config-httpd - redhat-config-HTTPD configuration utility
    673. refer - preprocess bibliographic references for groff
    674. rename - Rename files
    675. req - There are two separate formats for the distinguished name and attribute
    676. reset - terminal initialization
    677. resize - set TERMCAP and terminal settings to current xterm window size
    678. return
    679. rev -
    680. rexec - rexec -- remote execution client for an exec server
    681. rgb2ycbcr - convert non-YCbCr
    682. ripemd160 - message digests
    683. rlogin -
    684. rm - remove files or directories
    685. rmdir - remove empty directories
    686. rmdtovbox - isdn voice box (sound converter)
    687. rmic - Generate stubs for Remote Method Invocation
    688. rmiregistry - Remote object registry
    689. rpcclient - tool for executing client side MS-RPC functions
    690. rpcgen - an RPC protocol compiler
    691. rsa - RSA key processing tool
    692. rsautl - RSA utility
    693. rsh -
    694. rsvg - Turn SVG files into raster images
    695. run - run
    696. runscript - script interpreter for minicom
    697. rvi - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    698. rview - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    699. rvim - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    700. rz - XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM (Batch) file receive
    701. s2p - a stream editor
    702. s_client - SSL/TLS client program
    703. scp -
    704. script -
    705. scrollkeeper-config - scrollkeeper-print ScrollKeeper configuration information
    706. scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid - scrollkeeper-gen-generate a unique id for a document
    707. sdiff - find differences between two files and merge interactively
    708. sed - manual page for sed version 4.0.7
    709. seq - print a sequence of numbers
    710. sess_id - SSL/TLS session handling utility
    711. set
    712. setfacl - set file access control lists
    713. setfattr - set extended attributes of filesystem objects
    714. setleds - set the keyboard leds
    715. setmetamode - define the keyboard meta key handling
    716. setterm - set terminal attributes
    717. sftp -
    718. sg
    719. sgi2tiff - create a
    720. sgml2xml
    721. sgmlnorm
    722. sh - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
    723. sha - message digests
    724. sha1 - message digests
    725. sha1sum - compute and check SHA1 message digest
    726. shift
    727. shopt
    728. showkey - examine the codes sent by the keyboard
    729. shred - delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents
    730. size - list section sizes and total size.
    731. skill - report process status
    732. slabtop - display kernel slab cache information in real time
    733. sleep - delay for a specified amount of time
    734. slocate - Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate
    735. slogin -
    736. smbcacls - Set or get ACLs on an NT file or directory names
    737. smbclient - ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers
    738. smbcontrol - send messages to smbd, nmbd or winbindd processes
    739. smbcquotas - Set or get QUOTAs of NTFS 5 shares
    740. smbstatus - report on current Samba connections
    741. smbtar - shell script for backing up SMB/CIFS shares directly to UNIX tape drives
    742. smbtree - A text based smb network browser
    743. smime - S/MIME utility
    744. snice
    745. soelim - interpret .so requests in groff input
    746. sort - sort lines of text files
    747. source
    748. sox - Sound eXchange : universal sound sample translator
    749. soxexam - SoX Examples (CHEAT SHEET)
    750. soxmix - Sound eXchange : universal sound sample translator
    751. spam
    752. speed - test library performance
    753. spent
    754. spkac - SPKAC printing and generating utility
    755. splain - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
    756. split - split a file into pieces
    757. sprof - Read and display shared object profiling data
    758. s_server - SSL/TLS server program
    759. ssh -
    760. ssh-add -
    761. ssh-agent -
    762. ssh-keygen -
    763. ssh-keyscan -
    764. sslpasswd - compute password hashes
    765. sslrand - generate pseudo-random bytes
    766. star - unique standard tape archiver
    767. stat - display file or filesystem status
    768. statserial -
    770. strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.
    771. strip - Discard symbols from object files.
    772. stty - change and print terminal line settings
    773. su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
    774. sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
    775. suspend
    776. switchdesk - graphical and text mode interface for choosing desktop environment
    777. sync - flush filesystem buffers
    778. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
    779. tack - terminfo action checker
    780. tail - output the last part of files
    781. talk -
    782. tar - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
    783. taskset - retrieve or set a processes's CPU affinity
    784. tcsh - C shell with file name completion and command line editing
    785. tee - read from standard input and write to standard output and files
    786. telnet - protocol
    787. test - check file types and compare values
    788. testparm - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal correctness
    789. testprns - check printer name for validity with smbd
    790. tfmtodit - create font files for use with groff -Tdvi
    791. thumbnail - create a
    792. tic - the terminfo entry-description compiler
    793. tiff2bw - convert a color
    794. tiff2ps - convert a
    795. tiff2rgba - convert a
    796. tiffcmp - compare two
    797. tiffcp - copy (and possibly convert) a
    798. tiffdither - convert a greyscale image to bilevel using dithering
    799. tiffdump - print verbatim information about
    800. tiffgt - display an image stored in a
    801. tiffinfo - print information about
    802. tiffmedian - apply the median cut algorithm to data in a
    803. tiffsplit - split a multi-image
    804. tiffsv - save an image from the framebuffer in a
    805. time - time a simple command or give resource usage
    806. times
    807. tload - graphic representation of system load average
    808. toe - table of (terminfo) entries
    809. top - display top CPU processes
    810. touch - change file timestamps
    811. tput - initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
    812. tr - translate or delete characters
    813. trap
    814. troff - the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
    815. true - do nothing, successfully
    816. tset - terminal initialization
    817. tsort - perform topological sort
    818. tty - print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input
    819. type
    820. typeset
    821. ul -
    822. ulimit
    823. umask
    824. unalias
    825. uname - print system information
    826. unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
    827. unicode_start - put keyboard and console in unicode mode
    828. unicode_stop - revert keyboard and console from unicode mode
    829. uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
    830. unix2dos -
    832. unlink - call the unlink function to remove the specified file
    833. unset
    834. unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
    835. unzipsfx - self-extracting stub for prepending to ZIP archives
    836. updatedb - update the slocate database
    837. uptime - Tell how long the system has been running.
    838. userinfo - A graphical equivilient to chfn.
    839. usermount - A graphical tool to mount, unmount and format filesystems.
    840. userpasswd - A graphical tool to allow users to change their passwords.
    841. users - print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host
    842. usleep - sleep some number of microseconds
    843. uuidgen - command-line utility to create a new UUID value
    844. vbox - interact with recorded messages
    845. vboxbeep - isdn voice box (beeper)
    846. vboxconvert - isdn voice box (converter backend)
    847. vboxctrl - control vbox functions
    848. vboxmode - detect format of isdn voice file
    849. vboxplay - play vbox sound files
    850. vboxtoau - isdn voice box (sound converter)
    851. vdir - list directory contents
    852. verify - Utility to verify certificates.
    853. version - print OpenSSL version information
    854. vfstest - tool for testing samba VFS modules
    855. vi - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    856. view - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    857. vim - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
    858. vimdiff - edit two or three versions of a file with Vim and show differences
    859. vimtutor - the Vim tutor
    860. vncconfig - configure and control a VNC server
    861. vncpasswd - change a VNC password
    862. vncserver - start or stop a VNC server
    863. volname - return volume name
    864. w - show who is logged on and what they are doing
    865. wait
    866. wall - wall -- send a message to everybody's terminal.
    867. watch - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
    868. wbinfo - Query information from winbind daemon
    869. wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
    870. wftopfa - Convert a Wadalab base font to Postscript .PFA (or .PFB)
    871. wget - GNU Wget Manual
    872. whatis - search the whatis database for complete words.
    873. whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
    874. which - shows the full path of (shell) commands.
    875. who - show who is logged on
    876. whoami - print effective userid
    877. whois
    878. write - send a message to another user
    879. wrjpgcom - insert text comments into a JPEG file
    880. wvdial - PPP dialer with built-in intelligence.
    881. wvdialconf - build a configuration file for
    882. x0vncserver - inefficient VNC server which continuously polls an X display
    883. x509 - The nameopt command line switch determines how the subject and issuer
    884. x86info - x86info -- display x86 CPU diagnostics
    885. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input
    886. xgettext - extract gettext strings from source
    887. xmlcatalog - Command line tool to parse and manipulate XML or SGML catalog files.
    888. xmllint - command line XML tool
    889. xmlwf - Determines if an XML document is well-formed
    890. xsltproc - command line xslt processor
    891. xsubpp - compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code
    892. xterm - terminal emulator for X
    893. Xvnc - the X VNC server
    894. xxd - xxd
    895. yapp - A perl frontend to the Parse::Yapp module
    896. yes - output a string repeatedly until killed
    897. ypcat - print values of all keys in a NIS database
    898. ypchfn
    899. ypchsh
    900. ypdomainname
    901. ypmatch - print the values of one or more keys from a NIS map
    902. yppasswd - change your password in the NIS database
    903. ypwhich - return name of NIS server or map master
    904. zcat
    905. zcmp
    906. zdiff - compare compressed files
    907. zforce - force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files
    908. zgrep - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
    909. zip - package and compress (archive) files
    910. zipgrep - search files in a ZIP archive for lines matching a pattern
    911. zipinfo - list detailed information about a ZIP archive
    912. zless - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
    913. zmore - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
    914. znew - znew - recompress .Z files to .gz files
    915. zsoelim - interpret .so requests in groff input

    916. Forgot one very important:

      grep -- Allows selecting of certain output based on a word, ex: ps aux|grep rob

      will list every process with 'rob' in it
      also works well with ls -la (or -al) if your looking if a perticular file is there.
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    eNom DNS Setting Definitions
    SLD The SLD is the second level domain. For example, in "www.myname.com", "myname" is the SLD. If you are creating a new name, fill-in the field provided under "SLD" with only the SLD part of your name. Do not include the ".". The name can have any character ("a" to "z"), any number ("0" to "9 "), the minus ("-") sign, and the underscore ("_") in the name. Spaces are not allowed.
    TLD The TLD is the top level domain. For example, in "www.myname.com", "com" is the TLD. If you are creating a new name, fill-in the field provided under "TLD" with the TLD part of your name. Do not include the ".". The name can have any character ("a" to "z"), any number ("0" to "9 "), the minus ("-") sign, and the underscore ("_") in the name. Spaces are not allowed.
    Address This table associates a name with an address. You can associate any name with any Address. The address is either a numerical designator assigned to a computer on the network, or the host and domain of a machine, or a URL. None can be greater than 58 characters total (if you need more space, for a URL for example, please let us know)

    If you want the record to point to an IP address, you must select either a record type of "Address (A)" or a record type of "Mail (MX)". You must also use the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. The first and fourth xxx are numbers between 1 and 254. The second and third xxx are numbers between 0 and 254. An example of an IP address is: "189.23.125.3". If you are creating a new name, we have already filled-in the "www" host address with a default IP address that will display a web page that you can use to make sure the name is being properly delegated by our servers. This default web page address is "209.19.56.15". You are not required to use this IP address, and in fact, you will probably want to use your own as soon as you can. FYI, some other IP address are: (Netscape 205.188.247.5), (Microsoft 207.46.130.150) and (Yahoo 204.71.200.72).

    If you use a host and domain combination, you must select the record type of "Alias (CNAME)". You must also use the format "www.mydomain.com.".

    If you want the record to be forwarded to a URL you must select "URL" from the drop-down menu and enter a valid URL into the "Address" box.

    If you do not enter a valid name, URL or IP, then that host record (name & address pair) will not be added to the DNS or our database.
    Record type We allow five types of address records to be added to our DNS servers. They are as follows:
    • A (Address) Using this type of record allows you to associate a host with an IP address. The IP address that you use does not have to be on your network. For example, you could have the host record for www point to 207.46.130.14 (the address for the Microsoft web site).


    • MXE (Mail Easy) Using a mail record allows you to specify the address of your mail server. When you use a mail record, you must use an IP address in the address field. (Experts: Creating a mail record actually creates both the MX and the A record in DNS. Also, when using multiple mail servers, a preference value of 10 is used on all entries).


    • MX (Mail) Can be either a host name under this domain name (for example, "mail3") or the name of a mail server (for example, "mail.yahoo.com."). NOTE: When using a mail server name, it should end with a period ".". (If you forget the period and we recognize the TLD, we will automatically insert one.).


    • CNAME (Alias) An alias record type is used to associate a host name with another host. The host that you wish to point to does not have to be on your network. For example, you could have the host record for www point to www.microsoft.com. You can also simply use an "@" to represent your domain. Important: When you use a domain in the address field you must add a trailing period ("."). Unless you do so the name server will add your domain to the end of the domain given.


    • URL Redirect URL Redirect is the standard method for URL Forwarding. When the client types in your domain name they are redirected to the web server that your page is hosted on. The only drawback of this method is as the person is looking around the site the URL that is displayed by the browser is the one of the actual web page, not your domain name. If this is a problem you can use the URL Frame method.


    • URL Frame URL Frame is similar to URL Redirect except that instead of redirecting the client to your web page, the web page is displayed in a frame from our web server. With this method the client's browser will display your domain name (for example: www.mydomain.com) while they are using your site and not the actual URL to your page (for example: home.infospace.com/chris33).
      Note: If you use this method of forwarding, you will want to put the 'target="_top"' attribute into any links you have that leave your page.


    • TXT (Text) Provides the ability to associate some text with a host or other name. The TXT record is used to define the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) information record which may be used to validate legitimate email sources from a domain. The SPF record while being increasing deployed is not a formal IETF RFC standard.
    If we receive requests for a record type that is not listed we will consider adding it. We would, however, prefer to keep things as simple as we can in order to eliminate possible confusion.
    E-Mail Forwarding The E-Mail Forwarding section allows you to create e-mail addresses with your domain name. For example, if your domain name was "mydomain.com", you could create the e-mail address "info@mydomain.com". Note: if you are using e-mail forwarding do not add your own MX record, it will add one for you.
    • User This is the first part of the e-mail address you want to create. For the address "info@mydomain.com", you would put "info" into the blank in the user column.
    • Domain This displays the second part of the e-mail address, this is your domain name. The "User" and "Domain" columns make up the full e-mail address.
    • Forward To This is the e-mail address that you want all the mail coming to the account you just created to be forwarded to. This needs to be a complete, valid e-mail address. It could be an e-mail account you already have from an ISP or a free e-mail account, etc.
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    cPanel Programmer's Doku as PDF for download

    How to upgrade an account

    • If you have a "Home User" account, an upgrade is possible to a "Power User" account and to do by same way like you order a new "Power User" account. This also means, you have to pay the one times setup fee.

    • If If you have a "Power User" account, read HERE You do not pay set up fee again.


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    How to Renewal a Domain Name

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    How to accept a Payment Request sent by moneybookes.com

    How to integrate Moneybookers.com as Payment Way    Moneybookers.com
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